NAT (Network Address Translation) allows a network device such as a router or firewall to translate addresses between the public internet and a local private network. The main reason why NAT (Network Address Translation) technology was developed was to prevent the fast depletion of the ipv4 addresses.
There are defined ranges of private ipv4 addresses that can be used to configure ipv4 addresses for private use. The ipv4 traffic originating from or destined to private ipv4 addresses is not allowed to move or be dropped in a public internet router. This permits the re-usability of private ipv4 addresses in different non-public networks.
There is no ipv4 address conflict between two private ipv4 addresses separated by NAT devices. Because the private ipv4 addresses are translated to a globally unique public ipv4 address when they leave their own network.
Nat allows only a single globally unique ipv4 address to represent an entire network to the outside world.
Inside local address: these are the private ipv4 addresses that are used to address hosts in the private network.
Inside global address: this is an IP address that can be used by a host in the internal network to access the internet.
Outside global address: this is any public ipv4 address that has been configured on a device on the internet.
Outside local address: this is similar to the outside global addresses and they are local IP addresses configured on any external network.
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Table of Contents
Types of Network Address Translation
Static nat – Nat Types
Router#conf t
Router(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.0.2 50.0.0.2
Router(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168.0.3 50.0.0.3
Router(config)#int fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router(config-if)#ex
Router(config)#int serial 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
Router(config-if)#^Z
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Dynamic nat – Nat Types
Router#conf t
Router(config)#ip nat pool ccna 60.0.0.2 60.0.0.10 netmask 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#access-list 12 permit 192.168.0.64 0.0.0.31
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 12 pool ccna
Router(config)#int fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router(config-if)#ex
Router(config)#int serial 0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#wr
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Overload (pat) – Nat Types
Router#conf t
Router(config)#ip nat pool ccna 60.0.0.2 60.0.0.10 netmask 255.0.0.0
Router(config)#access-list 12 permit 192.168.0.64 0.0.0.31
Router(config)#ip nat inside source list 12 pool ccna overload
Router(config)#int fastEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip nat inside
Router(config-if)#ex
Router(config)#int serial 0/1/0
Router(config-if)#ip nat outside
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#wr
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