Table of Contents
What is NIC?
LAN card or NIC: A community interface card or community interface adapter or LAN card or NIC is a separate card related to the growth slot on the motherboard within the pc to offer the hyperlink between a pc and the community. But these days there are onboard interfaces obtainable as a substitute for a separate NIC. It is a Local Area Network related to the PCL slot on the motherboard. It isn’t plugged and play machine.
Example: Driver – To activate the LAN card.
LAN
| PHYSICAL | LOGICAL |
|---|---|
| MAC | IP |
| 48 bit | 32 bit |
| 6 block | 4 block |
| eight-bit | eight-bit |
| Represent as the hexadecimal format | Decimal |
| 0-9 A-F | 0-9 |
Networking Devices – What is the Hub?
Hub: A networking hub is principally a multiple-port repeater as a result of it repeats {electrical} sign that is available in one port out of all different ports(besides the incoming port). Hub is essentially the most primary networking machine that connects a number of computer systems or different community gadgets collectively. It at all times broadcasts all community knowledge throughout every connection.
It is a plug-and-play device.
It is used for small networks.
They function in half-duplex.
Less no of the port. Max eight-port.
It isn’t a clever machine.
It doesn’t have a reminiscence chip.
Hub work on the 1st layer or bodily layer of the OSI Model.
Internal structure: It kinds a Bus topology, so just one collision happens within the hub. To happen collision Run CSMA/CD(Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection). It works on the bodily layer and sends the information in binary format orbits.
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Networking Devices – What is the Switch?
Switch: A LAN change is a centralized machine related to a number of PC or nodes. every port on a change is in a separate collision area. It is kind of clever to know the mac-address of the PC or nodes and shop right into a repository known as CAM desk or mac-address-table. Every change port is made up of particular {hardware} known as ASIC(Application Specific Integrated Circuit.
It is a plug and plays device.
It is used for big networks.
They function in full-duplex.
We can join the n-number of hosts.
It is a clever machine.
It has a reminiscence chip (ASIC).
It’s broadcast solely as soon as(1st time) the unicast the message after studying mac-address.
It can study mac-address.
Internal construction: It works on an information hyperlink layer and knowledge ship in body format.
One area has a number of collisions.
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What is a Bridge?
Bridge: A community bridge is a tool that divides a community right into a section. Each section represents a separate collision area, so the variety of a collision on the community is decreased. It is communication between totally different from the section. It works like a change. But the principle distinction between change and bridge is that change is hardware-based whereas the bridge is software-based.
Repeater: It is regenerate the sign and it works on a bodily layer.
Networking Devices – What is a Router?
Router: A router is a community machine that connects a totally different community s by routing a packet from one community to a different one. In different languages, it’s communication between two totally different networks. A router is a tool that forwards knowledge packets between pc networks. A router is taken into account as a Layer three machine of the OSI Model that could be a Network Layer. Each port on a router is in a separate collision and broadcast area and might run within the full-duplex mode.
Functions of Router
It is communication between inner or exterior networks.
The knowledge format is a packet.
Packet switching and packet forwarding: The router can change the packet based on the interface to ahead the information(packet)
Packet filtering: filtering is a course when a router can flush an undesirable packet.
Path choice: The router at all times selects the most effective path to succeed in the vacation spot.
Gateway: it isn’t a tool its logical phrases mean router Ethernet handle, it’s known as a default gateway.
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