VLAN definition: A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) is a logical grouping of network users and resources connected to administratively defined ports on a switch. VLAN’s separate a Layer-2 switch into multiple broadcast domains. Each VLAN is its own individual broadcast domain. Individual ports or groups of ports can be assigned to a specific VLAN. Only ports belonging to the same VLAN can freely communicate with each other. A router or layer 3 switches are needed for inter-VLAN communication.
Broadcasts from one VLAN will never be sent out to ports belonging to another VLAN.
What is VLAN? In simple terms, a VLAN is a set of workstations within a LAN that can communicate with each other as though they were on a single, isolated LAN.
By default, all Ethernet interfaces on Cisco switches is on VLAN 1. On Catalyst switches all of these VLANs listed above default to VLAN 1, which can add to the difficulty of understanding their differences.
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Table of Contents
Types of Cisco VLANs
Static VLANs: In a static VLAN, the network administrator creates a VLAN and then assigns switch ports to the VLAN. Static VLANs are also called port-based VLANs. The association with the VLAN does not change until the administrator changes the port assignment. End-user devices become the member of VLAN based on the physical switch port to which they are connected.
Dynamic VLANs: Dynamic VLANs determine a node’s VLAN assignment automatically. Using intelligent management software, you can enable hardware (MAC) addresses, protocols, or even applications to create dynamic VLANs.
Example: suppose MAC addresses have been entered into a centralized VLAN management application. If a node is then attached to an unassigned switch port, the VLAN management database can look up the hardware address and assign and configure the switch port to the correct VLAN. This can make management and configuration easier for the administrator. If a user moves, the switch will automatically assign them to the correct Cisco VLAN. however, more administration is needed initially to set up the database. Cisco administrators can use the VLAN Management Policy Server (VMPS) service to set up a database of MAC addresses that can be used for dynamic addressing of VLANs. VMPS is a MAC address-to-VLAN mapping database.
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The reserve VLAN is available 1002, 1003, 1004, 1005.
1002 – FDDI default-fiber data distribute interchange
1003 – Token Ring
1004 – FDDI Net
1005 – Token Ring Net
4094 – Transparent switch.
Configuration for access mode
sw1#vlan database
sw1(vlan)#vlan 2 name ccna
sw1(vlan)#vlan 3 name ccnp
sw1(vlan)#vlan 4 name ccie
sw1#show vlan (for verification)
sw1(config)#int f0/1
sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access
sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
sw1(config)#int f0/2
sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access
sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
sw1(config)#int range f0/3-f0/4
sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access
sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
sw1(config)#int range f0/5-f0/6
sw1(config-if)#switchport mode access
sw1(config-if)#switchport access vlan 4
Virtual Trunking Protocol | Different Modes | How to Configure VTP
trunk mode
sw1(config)#int range f0/7
sw1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
sw1(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan all
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